Moshe Chaim, Czar of Pinsk: #19 Well it winds from Chicago to L.A.

 More than two thousand miles all the way ...

Route66RoadTrip.com

If you ever plan to motor west

Just take my way, it's the highway that's the best

Get your kicks on Route 66

Well it goes from St Louis, down through Missouri

Oklahoma City looks oh-so pretty

See Amarillo and Gallup, New Mexico,

Flagstaff, Arizona, don't forget Winona,

Kingman, Barstow, San Bernadino ...

Little did I think, 60 years ago, as I sang along to the opening track of the Rolling Stones' first LP,  trying to remember the names of all these mythical places in the right order so they fitted the music, that this was the route my Zaturensky ancestors had followed for real, 40 years earlier. Indeed, 60 years ago I had no idea I had ancestors called Zaturensky, or that it was even a name. 

But it is, and they did.

The one who didn't

The earliest emigrant, Schmuil (Simon Morris), and his wife/cousin Rochel Leah (Elizabeth), were the only ones not to make the California Trip. They lived out the whole of their American lives in Peoria, until their deaths in 1923 (Rochel Leah) and 1926 (Schmuil). In the 1920 Census, all 6 of their children were still at home with them in Peoria. By 1930, all the children were in Chicago. 

Peoria to Chicago: 150 miles

And there most of them stayed, or nearby. The only exception seems to have been Abe, the youngest, who eventually made his way to Los Angeles to join up with his cousin Sam Trent.

Blazing the trail

Schmuil's sister Dora was the trailblazer. Her husband Joseph Kawin had died in 1897, leaving her with 2 sons aged around 10 years old, Abraham and Samuel. She married Ephraim Goldberg, the roving rabbi, in 1900, and their daughter Sarah was born the following year in Oskaloosa, Iowa. No, I hadn't heard of it either. The relationship with Ephraim appears to have broken down by 1910, as in that Census Dora and her 3 children are in Chicago, whilst Ephraim is in Whiting, Indiana, with a 17 year-old daughter, presumably by a previous marriage.

By 1913, Abe and Sam Kawin are in Los Angeles:

They look well-established - Abe is a salesman in a department store, and Sam is an auditor. A year later, Dora has joined them. She's now goes by Kawin rather than Goldberg, and is listed as "widow of Joseph". Daughter Sarah is probably there too. They're in the Directory for San Pedro.

Then came the War. Abraham was called up to serve in the Army in 1917, and in July 1918 he was sent over to fight in France. He was killed in action on 19 October, just 3 weeks before the end of the War, and his body, along with thousands of others, was sent back 3 years later on a funeral ship.

A stream of Zaturenskys

The Kawins must have told their cousins that life was OK in California, because after the War they started coming over in a steady stream.

Dora's brother Joseph 'Teranski' spent the years after 1898 on a never-ending tour of the small towns of Illinois. We find him in Galesburg, Jacksonville, Monmouth, and occasionally back in Peoria, usually as a shoemaker, sometimes pawnbroking or dealing in second-hand clothing. His wife Sarah ran a grocery store. From 1911 they are settled in Springfield, Illinois.

The wanderings of Joseph, 1898-1927

Then, in 1922, their sons Sam and Meyer, both in their early 20s, appear in Los Angeles, and Sam gets married in San Francisco. Their father Joseph gets listed in both Springfield and LA for a couple of years - remember that's "more than two thousand miles all the way" -   before settling definitively in LA around 1927, along with Sarah. By this time Joseph and Meyer (now 'Myron') had renamed themselves 'Trent'. Sam later followed suit, and appeared as 'Cousin Sam Trent' on Abe Morris's Draft Card in 1940.

And it wasn't only the sons. Joseph's daughter Sadie followed them down in 1934, with her husband Henry Morgan; so too daughter Annie, with husband David Fishman, a couple of years later. Following the precedent set by Dora's family, none of Joseph's family remained in Illinois.

A different route

There is one family member who did not follow the trail along Route 66. Benjamin Gitelman managed to cut out the middle-man, and avoid Peoria - and Illinois - altogether. He came in 1922 with his wife and 4 young children, from a brother in Pinsk to a half-brother in Los Angeles. The 'half-brother' is Sam Kawin, Dora's son, and I have struggled mightily with this relationship. So much so that I have had to invent a sister for Dora to explain it. I've called this sister '*Beila', and decided she must be Benjamin's mother, because it fits the story and I can't make anything else fit. Whatever the detail, the relationship was close enough to Dora to have her build a home for Benjamin and his family in her own back-yard in LA. And for Benjamin to assume the surname of Dora's first husband Joseph Kawin, who by the time Benjamin arrived in LA had been dead 25 years.

The other Benjamin

It will not have escaped your notice that we now have two Benjamins to contend with. As well as two Josephs. Oy vey.

The other Benjamin is the one we have just met, the son of Movsha's brother Meir. He arrived as Berl Zateranski in 1904, and went first to Chicago, where he stayed until 1918. But the lure of Peoria proved irresistible, and he spent to next 10 years there, despite the fact that his siblings and cousins were busy heading off down "the highway that's the best" to LA.

But eventually he too succumbed, and we find him in Los Angeles from 1928 onwards. He appears to have been divorced from his wife Fanny by then; she had re-married in 1927, and stayed in Peoria. Their seven children spread out - 2 to Houston (Texas), 2 to Tucson (Arizona), the others around Illinois. With the exception of Abraham, who spent a few years with Benjamin in Los Angeles, none of them followed him there.

Benjamin in LA and his children: Abraham & Mary in Tucson AZ, Charles & Nathan in Houston TX; Lillian & Sarah stayed in Peoria

Benjamin re-married, twice, and eventually followed his children Abraham and Mary to Tucson, where he died in 1955. Most of his children adopted 'Terence', but Benjamin retained 'Terensky' to the end.

The other Joseph

As we have seen, the second Joseph, another son of Meir, immigrated in 1904, and like his brother Benjamin, headed for Chicago, and stayed there. Like Benjamin, he used 'Terensky'. He was naturalised there in 1914. But the lure of Peoria proved irresistible for him too, and he moved there in 1918, round about the same time as Benjamin.

However, Joseph didn't last long there. By 1920 he had "got hip" to the "kindly tip" of his cousin Dora and her sons, and followed them down to Los Angeles. He died there in 1926. From the mid-1930s on, his wife Esther and their children were known as 'Terrence'.

Sister Sarah

Sarah followed her two brothers to Chicago, arriving a few years later, probably around 1908. She married Adolf Hartenstein there in 1909, and their first two children were born there. However, the lure of Peoria worked its magic on them too, and they joined her brothers and cousins there in 1912. And by 1922, you've guessed it, they had "motored west" and joined the burgeoning Zaturensky colony in Los Angeles.

If you ever plan to motor west

Just take my way, it's the highway that's the best

Get your kicks on Route 66

Next question: so they came from Pinsk, did they?

Moshe Chaim, Czar of Pinsk: #18 The Cousins Arrive

The Zaturensky family
The current state of my knowledge is that my Zaturensky family derives from two brothers who lived in Pinsk in Tsarist Russia in the late 19C, sons of Chaim. They were Movsha and Meir, and several of their children emigrated to the United States. My own great-grandmother Shprintsa is the only one of their children known to me who did not leave Russia. There may be more brothers or sisters, there may be more children who stayed, and more who emigrated.

Most of the story so far has concerned the children of Movsha, my great-great-grandfather: Schmuil (who became Simon Morris), Dora, and latterly Joseph. We were introduced to Meir when we realised early on that Schmuil had married his cousin Rochel Leah, daughter of Meir. However, Rochel Leah is not alone. She has three siblings who we can trace back to the same father, Meir: Benjamin, Joseph, and Sarah.

All of the emigrants followed the same over-arching route, from Pinsk to Peoria in Illinois; some dallied for a while in Chicago, and they all - or their children - eventually found their way over to Los Angeles. I'll trace their journey across the USA in a later post, and I'll also be having a closer look at where they came from in Russia - you'll see some hints of this below, in some of their passenger manifests.

Let's look first at their emigration stories, more or less in chronological order. The first to appear is Movsha's son Schmuil.

Movsha: Schmuil
In 1881 Schmuil Zotoranski, aged 20, and his wife Pesia (18), arrived in New York aboard the ss Suevia from Hamburg. This Schmuil may have been the Schmuil who was a brother of my great-grandmother Shprintsa Zaturensky, the man who appears at the beginning of our story as 'Simon Moses'. I can't be sure, as I have not found any further documents showing this couple. On the other hand, I have not found an immigration record for any other Schmuil who could fit the bill.

We know that 'Simon Moses' applied for US naturalisation in 1886 in Peoria, Illinois, where much of our Zaturensky story unfolds, but the actual application document is not available online, so we don't know what further information it may hold, such as place of birth, or date and means of arrival in the USA. So, as of now, this Schmuil Zotoranski is our best bet.

I have found no further mention of his wife Pesia, under any likely surname, but I presume she died sometime during the following few years, as by 1893 Schmuil/Simon is married to 'Elizabeth', and they are having their first child, Bessie. 

Meir: Rochel Leia
Elizabeth turns out to be Rochel Leah Teransky, born c1872, and like Simon she is from Pinsk in Russia (now Belarus). She appears to have arrived around 1891, though I haven't yet found a manifest for her. If you think 'Teransky' sounds suspiciously like 'Zaturensky', you're spot on. Rochel Leah's father is Meir Zaturensky, and I am as certain as I can be that Meir is a brother of Schmuil's father Movsha (my own great-great-grandfather, if you're following). In other words, Schmuil and his new wife are First Cousins. I discussed the implications of this at some length in earlier chapters of this saga.

Movsha: Dora
Schmuil was followed over by his younger sister Dora, who must have come around 1888, though I have not been able to find a manifest for her. By the end of that year she had married Joseph Kawin, and was having her first child Abraham in Peoria.

Movsha: Joseph
Then a brother Joseph arrived around 1891. I was hoping to find him coming over together with his cousin Rochel Leah, who came around the same time, and was to marry Schmuil. Or maybe with his sister Dora, who came over a couple of years earlier. No such luck, however - Joseph seems to have come on his own. I have several candidate manifests, with names and dates approximating to his, but I'm not convinced by any of them. Joseph applied for US naturalisation in 1895, under the name 'Torensky', but of course this doesn't have to be the name that appeared on the passenger list 4 or 5 years earlier.

Joseph and Dora were probably half- rather than full-siblings to Schmuil and my g-g'm Shprintsa, ie, same father, different mothers. Shprintsa was the only one of Movsha's children to stay in Pinsk (she died there in 1932). Her son - my grandfather - Moshe Schreibman, did not follow his cousins to Peoria. He came to England in 1905.

Throughout the 1890s these three couples - Schmuil and Rochel Leah, Dora and her husband Joseph Kawin, and Joseph and his wife Sarah - raised their young families, and tried to make their living, in Peoria. And I still don't know why they headed straight (more or less) for Peoria in the first place. 

Meir: Joseph

And then Rochel Leah's siblings started arriving. These are the children of Meir, brother of Movsha. First off the boat was Joseph - not to be confused with the other Joseph, his cousin, who we have just been looking at - on 6 August 1904:

He's 26, married, and a shoemaker. And his name's spelt right!

Meir: Berl
Then his older brother Berl arrived on 7 December:

He's 28, married, and also a shoemaker. And his name's also spelt right - well, nearly. Berl's manifest shows him as coming from a place called "Selip", which may or may not be Vselub, a small town in the north-west of Belarus, halfway between Novogrudok and Lida. This is quite a way from Pinsk; it may be where his wife Fanny Daletisky comes from. We'll take a look at the places mentioned by the Zaturenskys in a later post.

Both of them are going to relatives in New York, Joseph to a cousin Eze Kolodny and Berl to a brother-in-law D Bleicher. I have not been able to trace either of these two relatives; so far as I can see, their surnames do not correspond any known Zaturensky-linked families, or to the families of the wives of the two brothers. The brother-in-law bit is intriguing - this would have to be either the husband of Berl's own sister (no - unless there's another sister we don't know about yet), or his wife's brother (wrong surname), or possibly his wife's sister's husband. Whichever way round, I've drawn a blank - there doesn't seem to be a D Bleicher around anywhere at that time.

In any event, neither of them spent much time in New York - they both seem to have headed straight on to Chicago.

Berl's wife Fanny

And then, in 1906, a 23 year-old married woman, surname Zaturenski, from Radun in Russia, with a 3 year-old male child, stepped off the boat in Montreal, Canada. They are at the bottom of the page, and as luck would have it, the corner of the page is torn off, and their given names have been obliterated. However, we learn that she is going to her husband Berl Zaturensky in Chicago; this must be Fanny, Berl's wife, and their first child, who became 'Charles Henry' in America.

Radun, by the way, is even further to the north than Vselub - it's north of Lida, right near the Lithuanian border. Is this where Fanny's family was from?

By 1908, when their son Nathan is born, Berl is calling himself 'Ben', and he's Benjamin Terensky thereafter, except on his death certificate in 1955, where he has anglicised the surname to 'Terence'.

Joseph's wife Esther
Joseph's wife Esther arrived in February 1907, with their daughter Leia.

Leia is shown as 10 months old, but this can't be right. As my father would have said, just do the vulgar fractions: 10 months back from Feb 1907 gives a birth date of April 1906, and yet Joseph had left Russia in July 1904. The 1910 Census shows her as 5 years old, ie a birth date of late 1904 or early 1905, which makes much more sense.

Their last place of residence is shown as Lubischow, which is to the south of Pinsk, across the border in present-day Ukraine. I wondered whether this was where Esther's own family - Portnoi - came from, except that the right-hand column (not shown here) says both Esther and Leia were born in Nesvizh, which is some way to the north of Pinsk, half-way to Minsk. Nesvizh happens to be the place whose records show the largest concentration of the name Zaturensky. There are not many Zaturensky births in Pinsk in the records we have, but several of those that do exist have the note, "father from Nesvizh". None of these records are identifiable as ours, but I do suspect that eventually we'll be able to trace our people back to Nesvizh.

Oy vey! What a plethora of places. I'm beginning to feel the need to have a proper look at the geography of this family. It's not all Pinsk, you know. Watch this space.

Meir: Sarah
The last to arrive seems to have been Sarah, the younger sister of Berl and Joseph. I haven't found a manifest for her yet, but she must have arrived by 1908, because she married Adolf Hartenstein in Chicago in 1909. Adolf had arrived in 1907 from Austria, so they would not have known each other before Sarah came to Chicago.

Next up: our families up sticks again, across the United States from Peoria and Chicago to Los Angeles.

Moshe Chaim, Czar of Pinsk: #16 The Person Who Will Always Know

Who is this Joseph?

Whilst researching the members of my Terensky DNA Cluster, I kept coming across documents for a Joseph Teranski (and versions thereof). The Cluster does not include any of his descendants, and I haven't managed to identify any from amongst my AncestryDNA matches. The documents showed him to be following a similar trajectory to my Zaturenskys - Russia to Peoria to Los Angeles - although I couldn't find anything to pin him down as a member of this family. After they moved to LA in the mid-1920s Joseph and his sons Sam and Myer anglicised their surname to 'Trent'.

This alerted me to another clue. In the Tree of Cousin Jennifer, a member of the DNA Cluster and a descendant of Shmuel Zaturensky aka Simon Morris, she shows one branch of the family adopting the surname 'Terensky', and another taking on 'Trent'. She didn't show any descendants of these branches, but at least this shows that her family were aware of the existence of these other branches.

One too many Josephs

Things began to get rather confused when I started looking more closely at a Joseph Terensky who definitely was one of mine - several of his descendants were in my DNA Cluster. This Joseph also followed the family trail from Pinsk via Peoria to Los Angeles. He's a son of Meir Zaturensky, who we came across earlier in this saga as the father of Rochel Leah Teransky. I'll be following this Joseph, and his brother and sister, in later posts.

 

The two Josephs appeared to have different birth dates, and their wives and children appeared to have different names; on the other hand, they were both shoemakers. They made the move from Illinois to California at different times, but there were periods when they were both living in the same town. On several occasions I came across documents and was not sure who I should allocate them to. Were they the same person, leading a very complicated life? We've already seen at least one like that in this family. Or were they two related people with (more or less) the same name? If they were related, how closely? Was this new Joseph Teranski indeed one of my clan?

All you need is a document

I have probably amassed more documents on this Joseph than on any of the other members of this tribe, but frustratingly I have been unable to find any mention of a specific place of birth. I want him to be born in Pinsk, of course - but all I see on Census returns is 'Russia', 'Russ Polish', 'Latvia', and 'Lithuania'. On the birth certificate of his son Samuel, in 1898, Joseph is shown as 'Polish' and born in 'Poland'. This is prescient, as Pinsk did indeed become part of Poland - but only 20 years later, after the First World War and the Polish struggle for independence from the nascent Soviet Union. And Latvia and Lithuania are hundreds of miles away, off the map. No mention of Pinsk.

Nor could I find any mention of Joseph's father's name. Joseph died in 1965, but my online searches have not turned up a death certificate, or a headstone, either of which might, if you were lucky, show a father's name. Ideally I would like him to be a son of my great-great-grandfather Movsha, or failing that, of his brother Meir. Or there could be an as yet unknown third brother.

However, even without confirmation of his place of birth, or his father's name, I was convinced that there was enough evidence in the surnames and the life-journeys, and in Jennifer's Tree, to suggest that Joseph was fairly closely related to my Zaturenskys.

All I needed was a document.

And then I found one.

I was following up Abe 'Albert Allen' Morris, born in 1912 in Peoria, the youngest son of our old friend Shmuel Zaturensky aka Simon Morris. Abe is probably the father of my mystery match, Private Morris. He was drafted into the US Army in 1940, and this is his draft card.

The 'person who will always know your address' is Sam Trent. And Sam Trent is Albert Allen Morris's cousin.

Cousin? Cousin??

Cousin? That implies that one of Albert's parents must be a sibling to one of Sam's.

Albert's parents are Simon Morris aka Shmuel Zaturensky, and Rochel Leah Teransky. Shmuel and Rochel Leah are First Cousins, children of the Zaturensky brothers Movsha and Meir respectively. Sam's father is the new Joseph Teranski. So Joseph should be a brother of either Shmuel, or Rochel Leah. And his father should be either Movsha, or Meir.

Just a minute. Meir already has a son Joseph - the other Joseph, the one we keep getting mixed up with this one.

So this new Joseph must be a son of Movsha, my gg-g'f. And Joseph's grandchildren, if I can find them, will be my Third Cousins.

When we were looking at Dora, we surmised that Movsha was probably married twice, and that his first wife may have been called *Bajla, and his second wife, *Chana. *Bajla would be the mother of my g-g'm Shprintsa, b 1858, and of Shmuel (Simon Morris) b 1861, and appears to have died by 1865. *Chana would be the mother of Bejla b 1866 and Dora b 1870. Joseph appears to have been born somewhere between 1866 and 1872, according to which document you are looking at, so he would probably be a child of *Chana.

As it now stands

So Movsha's family now looks like this:

We have no documentary evidence for either of Movsha's two wives, only that different family Trees suggested different names for their respective gg-g'mothers. The DNA evidence suggests that I am closer to Shmuel's descendants than to the other lines, so I am happy to suggest that he and my g-g'm Shprintsa are children of a first wife, whilst the other three are from a second wife.

We do not have documentary evidence for *Chana's daughter *Beila, but somebody with her name would fit very nicely. DNA evidence suggests that I have a closer connection to Dora's descendants than to *Beila's, so I am surmising that there may be a Kawin link further back, possibly via *Chana, that was reinforced when Dora married Joseph Kawin.

In Joseph Teranski's case, there is fairly good circumstantial evidence in the surname and the family journey from Russia to Peoria to Los Angeles, but crucially there is one document that clinches the relationship. It tells us that Sam Trent is Albert Morris's cousin, and that he is The Person Who Will Always Know.

Moshe Chaim, Czar of Pinsk: #14 Dora and Ockham's Razor

The story so far
Dora Zaturensky was the sister - or half-sister, maybe - of my great-grandmother Shprintsa. Their father Movsha may have had 2 wives; Shprintsa was born in 1858, and may have been the daughter of the first wife, and Dora, b 1869, the daughter of the second.

I have identified DNA matches with 2 of Dora's great-grandchildren, Cousin Paul and Cousin David. David is a descendant of Dora's first husband, Gitelman (we don't know his given name), whilst Paul is from her second husband, Jacob Kawin.



The paper trail says I have exactly the same relationship to both Paul and David: half-3rd Cousin. So why is there such a huge difference between the amounts of DNA I share with them? Or, to ask the question another way around: why do I share so much more DNA with a Kawin descendant than I do with a Gitelman one?

I've had a question like this before, in this same family. In that case, it seemed the solution was that there was probably a double relationship somewhere along the line - that Movsha's son Shmuel had married his cousin Rochel Leah, for instance. Is something similar happening here?

For this to be the case, I would have to have a single relationship with David, via Dora, and a double relationship with Paul. This second relationship could occur at any point in the Tree I have researched so far - via Paul's father's family (which I think is most unlikely, having had a quick look at his ancestry), that of his maternal grandmother Alice Cowan (wife of Sam Kawin), which also seems unlikely, or through Jacob Kawin himself. And the implication of this is that Jacob and Dora would have to be be fairly close cousins.

In other words, one of Dora's parents would have to be a sibling to one of Joseph's: either Dora's mother ('2nd wife' in the Tree above) would be a Kawin, ie a sister to Joseph's father Max, or Joseph's mother would be a Zaturensky, a sister to Dora's father Movsha. We don't have any information on Dora's mother, but we do have several references to Joseph's mother as 'Hinda Sandusky'. It is possible that this could be a variant on 'Zaturensky', but the Sandusky name does occur in several places, and in any case it's not a very convincing rendition of Zaturensky. At the moment I'm tending towards Dora's mother being the connection.

A tantalising Tree
Then I came across this tantalising clip from a Tree on the JewishGen 'Family Tree of the Jewish People' (log in required). It was posted nearly 20 years ago, at a time when it was not possible to do much online research, so I'm assuming it's the product of family knowledge, and possibly some archival research in Belarus. I've written to the person who posted it, asking where the information comes from; fingers crossed I'll get a response!


The layout is not 100% clear, but it seems to be saying that Benjamin is the son of a Mosha Lipschitz from Pinsk, who died in 1886, the same year as Benjamin was born. The mother is unknown, but she is not Dora, who seems to be Mosha's second wife. The dates given here suggest Dora must have married at the age of 14, though we have her down elsewhere as born in 1869, which would make her 17 at the time of this marriage.

In addition, if Benjamin is the son not of Dora but of an earlier wife, this first wife would need to be closely related to Dora - preferably a sister - so as to retain my DNA relationship with David (see my draft Tree above).

Fact or fancy?
All this suggests the following scenario:

1 Mosha Lipschitz and first wife have child Benjamin in Nov 1886
2 maybe first wife dies in childbirth or shortly after
3 Mosha remarries immediately, to Dora
4 Mosha himself dies
5 Dora packs her bags and goes off to Peoria to marry Jacob Kawin, leaving her stepson Benjamin behind

- all in a matter of weeks.

Oh dear. There's too much going on here, and it's putting a tremendous weight on Dora's 17-year old shoulders. I'm not happy with it.

Ockham's Razor
At this point I am reminded of the wise words of the medieval philosopher William of Ockham, who is reputed to have argued along the lines of "Don't make an explanation more complicated than it needs to be", or, as expressed by Bertrand Russell, "always opt for an explanation in terms of the fewest possible causes".

So what can we identify as the "fewest possible causes" in this case? Looking at our suggested scenario again, the only things we can take as fact are:

1 Benjamin was born around 1886, probably in Pinsk
and
5 Dora went to the US around 1887, probably from Pinsk

Plus,
6 We have seen that Benjamin brought his own family from Pinsk to Peoria in 1922, and lived for 20 years or so in a house built in Dora's back yard
7 I have the DNA relationship with David and Paul outlined above

Do we really need 2, 3 and 4 to explain 6 and 7?

A closer shave
What happens if we apply Ockham's Razor to this scenario, and shave off the bits we don't need? How about discarding the marriage between Dora and Mosha Lipshits shown in the Tree above? We have no evidence for it, or reference to it, other than this Tree, and this Tree shows no sources, and could be wrong.

The consequences for Dora's story would be:
2 Mosha's wife does not need to die at this point
3 Mosha does not need to remarry, so he does not marry Dora
4 we no longer need to 'free' Dora from the marriage to Mosha, nor do we need to posit his death at this point

That feels better.

Wanted: a sister for Dora
In fact, it feels much better. Applying the razor leaves both of our outstanding queries untouched. Point 6 - Benjamin coming to live next door to Dora in Peoria, and point 7 - my DNA matches with Paul and David, are covered by just one assumption: that Benjamin's mother is indeed a sister of Dora.

This implies that when Benjamin emigrates to Peoria, he is going to live close by his Aunt and Cousins. We know he took on their surname, Kawin, shortly after arriving in the US. And it would not affect my DNA relationship with David. Our Common Ancestor would still be my great-great-grandfather Movsha Zaturensky.

The only problem is, we don't have an eligible sister for Dora.

Moshe Chaim, Czar of Pinsk: #13 Schrödinger's Rabbi

A crucial year
1900 has now become a crucial year for Dora Zaturensky, sister of my great-grandmother Shprintsa (see #9: Dora's Story onwards, for her story so far). The US Census, taken on 2 June, finds her living in Peoria, Illinois, in the house at 108 Gallatin Street that she has been in for a couple of years or more, with her two sons Abraham and Samuel. Her husband Joseph had died in 1897.

Samuel is on the next page:

This is the first US Census that Dora and the boys appear on, so we need to pay attention to what she says. Dora is born in July 1870, she's a widow, and has had 4 children, of whom 2 are living. Abe is born Dec 1888, Samuel Dec 1889. She also says she emigrated in 1888, when by her own account she would have been 18.

Who are the 2 other children that she says are no longer living? They could have been born before she immigrated to the US in 1888. That would imply 2 children born before she was 18, that she left behind in order to emigrate to the USA, where she immediately married Joseph Kawin and had 2 more in quick succession. Or they could be 2 children born with Joseph in Peoria, who did not survive; there is no record of any such births, or deaths, but records from Peoria are quite erratic for this period, so it is still a possibility.

Or at least it would be a possibility, if Benjamin Gitelman hadn't arrived from Pinsk in 1922 acting for all the world like her long lost son, and claiming a brother Hirsz back in Pinsk (see previous post). So I'm going with the 4 births story until I come across evidence to the contrary, even if it implies that she had her first child at 15 or 16, if her stated birth date of 1870 is to be believed. And of course the arrival of Benjamin confirms that, although she said in 1900 that the two sons she had left behind in Pinsk had died, they were in fact still very much alive.

What about the Rabbi?
What about her husband-to-be Ephraim Goldberg, who she married 2 months later in Chicago? Where was he in June, when the Census was taken?

Well, he's in Peoria, at 608 Johnson Street, about a quarter of a mile from Dora's house at 108 Gallatin Street. And he's a Rabbi. So maybe they could have met in the street, or at the synagogue. He's a widower, he immigrated in 1880, and has a son Julius aged 10. And he's down as Efrof, which didn't make him any easier to find.

He also appears in the 1900 Peoria Directory, as Rev. Ephraim Goldberg. He's at a different address, 1509 S Adams Street. Maybe he moved house between the time the Directory was compiled, and 2 June, the date of the Census.

Just a minute. Who's this other Goldberg - Frank, the butcher, boarding at 108 Gallatin? Isn't that our Dora's house?

Are you thinking what I'm thinking?

Is this Ephraim the Rabbi, under a different name, and with a different occupation, by any chance? In two places at the same time? Schrödinger's Rabbi?

Ephraim Goldberg: The back-story
At this point I went off for a week or so, looking for Ephraim Goldberg's back-story.  His forward story turned out to be quite interesting, too. I've had to compile a 2-page timeline to try to pin him down. He has a story of his own, what follows is a brief summary of those bits that concern Dora.

Ephraim Goldberg seems to have been born in Suwalki, Poland around 1851. He first appears in the US in the early 1870s, with his wife Rosa and a number of children. In the 1880 Census they're in Chicago, and he's a Hebrew Teacher. He's still a Teacher in Chicago in 1889 and 1891, but he's clearly having problems with his given name, which appears as 'Abe' on the birth record of his son Julian in 1889.

From 1892 to 1895 he's in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, as a Butcher. He has a child there in 1892, Rachel Leah. I may be willing to write up my analysis of her birth registration document, for a reasonable fee.

He does not reappear in Milwaukee, but there is an Ephraim who appears amongst the 200-odd Goldbergs in the Chicago Directories between 1896-99. This Ephraim is a labourer in these listings; there are a few butchers, and one or two teachers, but none of them appear to be our man, and there are no rabbis at all. This one could be him, or he could have spent these years somewhere else entirely, in a place we haven't got the Directories for.

The irregular Schochet
Then this cropped up, thanks to an eagle-eyed member of the Tracing the Tribe Group on Facebook. It's from The Inter Ocean, a Chicago newspaper, dated 8 August 1895:

Halfway down the report, we see this:

Is the schochet - kosher slaughterer - named in this report, 'Mr Goldberg', the same person as the Frank Goldberg, butcher, who 5 years later we find boarding with Dora in Peoria? As I mentioned above, there were a few butchers called Goldberg in Chicago at the time, and the Ephraim listed in the Directories is a 'labourer'. As yet, I have found no other reference to this incident, so for the moment at least I'm agnostic on this one. But it's a lovely story.

Dora with Ephraim
Then in 1900, Ephraim enters Dora's life. His wife Rose dies on 30 April, in Chicago. In the Census, taken on 11 June, he's in Peoria, as above. The 1900 Peoria Directory (above) shows him living in two places at once, with two names and two occupations: Ephraim the Rabbi and Frank the Butcher, boarding with Dora. In the Census he has his son Julius with him; we later find his 7 year-old daughter Rachel Leah (see above), now known as 'Lillie', living with her older sister Emilia, or 'Millie', in Chicago.

He marries Dora in Chicago on 14 August, and within a year their child Sarah is born in the small town of Oskaloosa, in Iowa (see previous post for the delayed birth certificate).

Dora without Ephraim
At this point Ephraim seems to disappear from the records. I can find no further reference to either Ephraim or Dora until the 1910 Census, which brings its own puzzles. As we have seen, Dora and her daughter Sarah are Goldbergs, and her sons Abraham and Sam are Kawins, and they are in Chicago. Dora is 'married', but no husband is listed as living with them.

So what about Ephraim?

He's in Whiting (Indiana), a Rabbi. He has his 17 year-old daughter Lillie living with him. He's been married for 9 years, but there's no wife listed - as we know, Dora is in Chicago at this point. So they are living apart, each with their own children, but both attest to being married, presumably to each other. At the moment I don't know when Dora and the children moved to Chicago, or when or why Ephraim found his way to Whiting.

The Wandering Rabbi
Ephraim then embarks on a series of rabbinical appointments across the mid-West, in places like Fort Wayne (Indiana), where he's a 'Grocer'; Muncie and then Marion (Indiana); and Wausau (Wisconsin). Throughout this period he is with a wife Katie; there is a son Israel aged 9 with them in the 1920 Census. I did start looking into this relationship, but didn't get very far. Life's too short.

Ephraim eventually dies in Chicago in 1926. On his death record, his occupation is shown not as 'Rabbi', but 'Schochet'. So maybe it was him in the Chicago kosher meat scandal of 1895, after all.

I keep asking myself - why am I researching this man? Well, I respond, he's the father of Sarah, one of Dora's children, and Dora is the sister of my great-grandmother. I may one day stumble upon a DNA match with one of Sarah's descendants. And understanding these half-sibling relationships could help us to unravel the story the DNA is trying to tell us. Or it could just tie us up in even more tangled knots, of course.

You never know.

Moshe Chaim, Czar of Pinsk: #12 Dora and the Rabbi

Where did Sarah come from?
At this point, we have found that my great-grandmother's sister, Dora Zaturensky b 1870 in Pinsk, Russia, seems to have had 4 or possibly 5 children, by three different husbands:

1 unidentified Gitelman: Benjamin b 1886 (and possibly Hirsz), both born in Pinsk, Russia
2 Joseph Kawin: Abraham b 1888 and Samuel b 1890, both in Peoria, Illinois; Joseph died in 1897
3 unknown: Sarah b 1901/4, Iowa

We have encountered Benjamin, Abraham and Sam in previous posts. The earliest reference I had to Sarah was when she appeared out of the blue in the 1920 Census, living with Dora in Los Angeles as a fully-fledged 18 year-old daughter. Where had she come from? I couldn't find them anywhere in the 1910 Census. I knew that Abraham and Sam were in LA by 1913, but didn't know when they had got there.

Cardinal sin
And then it struck me that I had committed the genealogist's cardinal sin - I had been looking in the 1910 Census for Dora and Sarah Kawin, as I knew them, and couldn't find them. But I had neglected to do a search on the other members of the family, Abraham and Sam. So I did, and they turned up immediately, in Chicago:



There they were, with their mother and sister. Who are now both Goldbergs.

Goldbergs? Where had that come from? Dora is listed as being in her second marriage (M2). She has been in this marriage for 6 years, and has had 3 children, all living; we presume she is referring to the 3 currently living with her. All this doesn't quite tally with what we think we know (see above), but nothing ever does, and it's not crucial here, so we won't lose any sleep over it for the moment.

However, if Dora has been in this Goldberg marriage for 6 years, and Sarah is a Goldberg and is 8 years old, how does that add up? And if she is married, who is her husband, and where is he?

"I had to go for the doctor"
I soon found out who he was. The State of Iowa has a collection of 'Delayed Birth Records', and this is from 1942:

Sam Kawin attests to the birth of Sarah Goldberg in Oskaloosa, Iowa, on 3 June 1901. The affidavit asks for details of the parents:

The mother is Dora Teranski, as Sam was later to identify her on her death certificate (Toranski). The father is Ephraim Goldberg, a "Jewish Rabbi", some 15 years older than Dora.

Sam also had to attest to the "basis of my knowledge for the answers given above":

"I was 11 years of age at the time of her birth. She is my half-sister, and I resided in Oskaloosa at that time, and remember the incident quite well, as I had to go for the doctor."

The birth is "legitimate" (see above), so there should be a marriage, somewhere, between Dora and Ephraim some time between the Census of June 1900, where she was Dora Kawin, and this birth in June 1901.

And it shouldn't be too hard to pin down a rabbi, should it?

Pinning down the Rabbi
Well, let's get this out of the way first:

Married in Chicago, 14 August 1900. The Census on 2 June had her in Peoria, where she had been living for 12 years or so since immigrating to the USA; now, 2 months later, she's marrying in Chicago, 170 miles away. Maybe Ephraim was from Chicago, so they got married there. At least it shows everything was kosher.

There are still a few questions I'd like answering, though. Why was he not with them in 1910? Where was he? Why have Dora and Sarah reverted from Goldberg to Kawin in 1920? And how did he connect with Dora in the first place?

There's still a bit of work to do to pin down this particular Rabbi.

Moshe Chaim, Czar of Pinsk: #11 Dora's four by three

1920 - Dora and her daughter
When we found Dora Kawin (née Zaturensky) in the 1920 Census in Los Angeles, she was living with her son Sam, and her new - to us, at least - 18 year-old daughter Sarah. They were living at 468 West 46th Street, and there is no-one else registered at that address. Looking down the page, it looks like a street of one-family houses, rather than apartment blocks - and a quick check on present-day Real Estate websites confirms this. In fact several of them say the present building dates from 1922, so perhaps Dora was in an earlier building on the same plot in 1920?

Her other son, Abraham, is not there, because he had been called up for military service in 1917, and sadly was killed in action in France in October 1918, just a few weeks from the end of World War 1.

1910 - a mystery
Intrigued by the unexpected appearance of Dora's daughter Sarah in 1920, I looked for them in the previous Census, in 1910, when Sarah would have been around 8 years old. I couldn't find them. Where could they be? Maybe there was a spelling change that the searches were not picking up.

1930 - a surprise
So I looked at the next Census, in 1930, and found them this time, at the same address in LA:

Wow!

Two Kawin households, next door to each other! In the first one, at 468, is Dora, together with Sarah, who appears to have married, had a child, and divorced since the last Census. I'm itching to get on to 470, the the house next door, to see who the other family are, but before we do that, let's have a quick look at the dates suggested in the entries for Dora and Sarah:

Dora: age 61, so born 1869, Russia; first marriage at 17, so married 1886
Sarah: age 26, so born 1904, Iowa; first marriage at 18, so married 1922; looks like she has retained her married surname, Garbus.
Albert: age 7, so born 1923, California

Notice that Dora's date of birth seems to be creeping backwards at every count - I think the first estimate we found was 1872. And as I've suggested before, these details could be crucial.

And next door is ...
So who's this next door in 470? Benjamin Kawin and family? Kawin?? My genealogical antennae are twitching. Whenever I see two families with the same surname living in the same or adjacent dwellings - especially if there's no-one else in town with the same name, who I can't already account for - I immediately start wondering how they're related. And I'm wondering how come I've not spotted them before, either in LA or Peoria.

And then I notice (not shown here), that Benjamin and all his family were born in Russia, and immigrated in 1922. Let's just make a note of his dates:

Benjamin: age 43, so born 1887 Russia; first marriage at 23, so married 1910 Russia; immigrated 1922.

Thinking cap on.

Who is Benjamin Kawin?
We've seen that Dora's husband Joseph Kawin was born in Pinsk in 1863, and came to the USA in 1871, with his mother and all his siblings. His father Max had gone before. So Benjamin, born in Russia in 1887, cannot be a sibling of Joseph. And he's almost certainly not a son, because Joseph has been in the USA since 1871. Maybe he's a Kawin-side cousin, son of a brother of Joseph's father, Max?

So let's see if we can check his Passenger Manifest, maybe we'll see who he was leaving behind in Russia, and who he was going to in America. It shouldn't be too hard to find - as we've seen, Kawin is not that common a name. It turns out that it's so uncommon, that it's not there at all. There's no record of a Benjamin Kawin, any spelling, arriving in the USA in 1922. Or any other year.

Thinking cap on again.

No, really. Who is Benjamin Kawin?
He claims to have naturalised. Let's look for that. You've guessed. There's no record of a Benjamin Kawin, any spelling, naturalising in the USA between 1922 and 1930. Or any other year.

Then we stumble upon his Draft Registration Card from 1942:

Benjamin Kawin Gitelman, with the Gitelman struck through! So he was a Gitelman, and changed his name to Kawin. Why? And how come he's found his way to the house next door to Dora?

And can we now find a Manifest for him, and his Naturalisation documents, under his new, sorry make that his old, name?

Benjamin Gitelman, Manifest thyself!
Of course we can. The whole family sailed from Antwerp to New York on 23 November 1922. He's 36, so born in 1885/6. And who is his nearest relative in Poland (Pinsk was in Poland between the Wars)?

His brother Hirsz Gittelman in Pinsk. And he's heading for Los Angeles. Who is he going to, in LA?

Why, to his brother - sorry, make that his half-brother - Sam Ravin (known to us of course as Sam Kawin), of 468 West 46th Street, Los Angeles.

Wait a minute .... Half-brother? That must mean they share one parent, not two. Which one? Let's check what we have on these two at the moment:

Benjamin: born 1885/6 in Pinsk, father a Gitelman
Sam: born 1890 in Peoria, father Joseph Kawin

It's not the father.

It must be the mother.

Dora's new son
Dora has a new son. Well, she had him 36 years ago, but he's new to us. And he's brought his family all the way from Pinsk to Los Angeles, to live next door.

All this is confirmed in Benjamin's death record:

It's as our thinking cap has suggested - his mother was a Terensky, or as we know her, Zaturensky. He was born in Pinsk in 1886, when Dora was 17 years old; his father was a Gitelman, but we don't as yet have his given name. Dora left for America shortly after Benjamin was born, leaving him in Pinsk. The next thing we know of him is his arrival in New York in 1922.

Dora's Timeline
Let's have another look at Dora's dates, as best we can judge them at this point:

1869: born Dora Zaturensky in Pinsk, daughter of my great-great-grandfather Movsha
1882: brother Shmuel (Simon Morris) emigrates to USA; he naturalises in Peoria in 1886
1886: Dora marries a Gitelman in Pinsk
1885/6: son Benjamin Gitelman born in Pinsk; possibly a second son Hirsz as well, if he's a full brother to Benjamin (if he's a half-brother, he would have a different mother)
1888: 25 Dec, son Abraham Kawin born in Peoria, Illinois
1890: 23 Nov, son Samuel Kawin born in Peoria
1897: husband Joseph Kawin dies
1900: Dora and the boys living in Peoria
1901/04: daughter Sarah Kawin born in Iowa; but she can't be Joseph's daughter, he's been dead too long - so who is her father?
1910: (haven't found them yet)
1913: Dora, Abraham and Sam now living in Los Angeles
1918: Abraham killed in France
1922: Benjamin arrives from Pinsk with his family, and moves in next door

Dora's 4 by 3
And here's Dora's Tree, as we have it so far - it may help to have a different visualisation:

She has 4 children, by three different fathers, born in 3 different places, in two different countries. We have no marriage records at all, no birth records for any of the children, and no passenger manifest for Dora's immigration. We don't know the given name of Benjamin's father, or who brought the baby up in his mother's absence. And we have no idea at all of the identity of Sarah's father.

And most intriguing of all, we have no idea why 18 year-old Dora left her baby Benjamin behind in Pinsk and travelled 5,000 miles across the ocean to marry a friend of her brother's that she had never met.

So plenty of fun ahead!

Moshe Chaim, Czar of Pinsk: #10 There's more to Dora than meets the eye

No docs for Dora
Key moments of Dora Zaturensky's life appear to be almost totally undocumented, so what follows is an attempt to piece together fragments of disconnected information into what I hope is at least a half-way coherent story.

Some things are certain:
1) I have a strong DNA match with one of her great-grandchildren, Cousin Paul, and a weaker one with another, Cousin David.
2) Her father has the same name as my great-great-grandfather, Movsha Zaturensky, he's from the same town, Pinsk, and was having children at about the same time. I deduce from this and the DNA connection that her father *is* my gg-g'f, that Dora is the sister of my g-g'm Shprintsa, and that Paul and David are 3C to me. There are virtually no documents openly available from Pinsk from this period, and none that mention any members of this family.
3) Dora left Pinsk around 1887 and emigrated to the USA. She came to live in Peoria, Illinois, and married Joseph Kawin either just before or just after emigrating.
4) She had two sons with Joseph, in Peoria: Abraham b 1888 and Samuel b 1890.
5) Joseph died around 1897.

There appear to be no documents available for any of the events described in (3), (4) or (5) - no Passenger Manifests that I can identify as being for either Dora or Joseph, no Naturalisation documents, the 1890 US Census has been destroyed, there's no marriage record, no birth records for the sons, and no identifiable death record for Joseph. All the information presented here is either culled or inferred from later documents.

Dora and the Kawins
The first time I can find Dora on paper is in the Peoria Directory for 1898, as the widow of Joseph, living at 108 Gallatin Street:

As you can see, there is one other Kawin family in town, running a china store. They must be related to Joseph, but I have found no documentation to verify this. They are in Peoria in the 1880 Census, where the head of the family is Max.

Who is Joseph?
A second look at the 1880 Census reveals that one of Max Kawin's sons is a Jacob b 1862.

Now Joseph appears in Peoria Directory listings in 1890 and 1896, and Jacob does not, although several other members of the Kawin family do (see below). Jacob dies in 1897, and as we have seen, Joseph has also died by then - Dora is the "widow of Joseph" in the 1898 Directory.

Are you thinking what I'm thinking?

Joseph is Jacob? Jacob is Joseph?

Or is he??


Not forgetting George
Thinking on this question, and browsing through the Directory listings for Peoria on MyHeritage, I stumbled across a feature I had not noticed there before. You can do a "who else lived at this address" search. It returns matches for the address across all years, but could be very useful for answering questions for the years between censuses, when you have to be a very lucky researcher indeed to locate that information.

So I checked Joseph's entry for 1890:

And then I did the "who else ... " search on his address, 303 Gallatin. I found this in 1891:

George Kawin? Who is he? He's not in Max Kawin's family. He's a peddler, like Joseph the year before. Come to that, where's Joseph? Hmm.

So I followed up on George. There is only one other entry for him on the whole of the internet (trust me), this one for 1892:

He's moved down the street to number 414. And still no Joseph. Hmm again.

Let's try the "who else .. " search again on MyH, and see who turns up in 414:

Hello, hello! It's our old friend Simon Moses! Or Shmuel Zaturensky, as we prefer to call him. And this entry is also for 1892 - so this time we've got two people in the same house at the same time. And they are two people that we know quite well: Shmuel is of course the brother of Dora, and Dora, as we know, is married to Joseph/Jacob Kawin.

Are you thinking what I'm thinking (again)? Is George just another name for Joseph? And are George, Joseph and Jacob all the same person?

Why Peoria?
Once I had reached that, albeit tentative, conclusion, I decided to follow this Kawin family through. I found that Jacob had arrived in the USA aged 8 with his mother Hinda and 4 siblings in 1871. They came from Volkovisk, in what is now western Belarus, about 100 miles NW of Pinsk, and settled in Peoria. Dora was born around that date, in Pinsk, and seems to have emigrated, on her own, around 1887, aged about 16, although as yet I have not found a Passenger Manifest for her. She must have married Jacob/Joseph/George soon after arriving, as Abraham appears to have been born around 1888-89, in Peoria. Bear with me, these dates are crucial.

All this raises more questions. Why did she come to Peoria, specifically? The most likely explanation is that her brother Shmuel was already there - he had obtained US Naturalisation as Simon Moses in 1886, in Peoria, so must have been in the USA for a number of years prior to that. He would have known the Kawin family, who were well established in the town by then, and was a similar age to Jacob/Joseph/George. Did Shmuel suggest she come over to marry his friend? As we have just seen, Shmuel was living with Dora and Joseph/Jacob/George a few years later.

Dora's daughter
In the 1900 Census, 3 years after the death of Jacob/Joseph/George, Dora and her two sons Abraham and Samuel are in Peoria, at 108 Gallatin Street, the same house as in the 1898 Directory.

I couldn't find Dora at first in the 1910 Census (more on this later), but from 1913 onwards they all start showing up in Los Angeles. In several Directories there, she is listed again as "widow of Joseph".

And then, in the 1920 Census, a strange thing happens:

Suddenly, Dora has a daughter, Sarah, aged 18, born in Iowa. 

Oh dear. This causes us all sorts of problems.

If Sarah is 18 in 1920, she would have been born in 1901 or 1902. But Joseph/Jacob/George had died by 1898. If Sarah is Joseph's daughter, she must have been born by 1899 at the latest - so how come she doesn't appear in the 1900 Census?

We seem to have two options. Either:

a) Sarah is Joseph's daughter, was born in 1898, was left off the 1900 Census by accident, and has been falsifying her date of birth ever since.

or

b) Sarah was indeed born in 1901/2, and so is not Joseph's daughter. In which case, whose daughter is she? And why can't I find them in the 1910 Census?

At this point, I am afraid we shall have to hold this part of the investigation for a moment or two, as other matters are about to arise that will complicate Dora's story still further.