Moshe Chaim, Czar of Pinsk: #19 Well it winds from Chicago to L.A.

 More than two thousand miles all the way ...

Route66RoadTrip.com

If you ever plan to motor west

Just take my way, it's the highway that's the best

Get your kicks on Route 66

Well it goes from St Louis, down through Missouri

Oklahoma City looks oh-so pretty

See Amarillo and Gallup, New Mexico,

Flagstaff, Arizona, don't forget Winona,

Kingman, Barstow, San Bernadino ...

Little did I think, 60 years ago, as I sang along to the opening track of the Rolling Stones' first LP,  trying to remember the names of all these mythical places in the right order so they fitted the music, that this was the route my Zaturensky ancestors had followed for real, 40 years earlier. Indeed, 60 years ago I had no idea I had ancestors called Zaturensky, or that it was even a name. 

But it is, and they did.

The one who didn't

The earliest emigrant, Schmuil (Simon Morris), and his wife/cousin Rochel Leah (Elizabeth), were the only ones not to make the California Trip. They lived out the whole of their American lives in Peoria, until their deaths in 1923 (Rochel Leah) and 1926 (Schmuil). In the 1920 Census, all 6 of their children were still at home with them in Peoria. By 1930, all the children were in Chicago. 

Peoria to Chicago: 150 miles

And there most of them stayed, or nearby. The only exception seems to have been Abe, the youngest, who eventually made his way to Los Angeles to join up with his cousin Sam Trent.

Blazing the trail

Schmuil's sister Dora was the trailblazer. Her husband Joseph Kawin had died in 1897, leaving her with 2 sons aged around 10 years old, Abraham and Samuel. She married Ephraim Goldberg, the roving rabbi, in 1900, and their daughter Sarah was born the following year in Oskaloosa, Iowa. No, I hadn't heard of it either. The relationship with Ephraim appears to have broken down by 1910, as in that Census Dora and her 3 children are in Chicago, whilst Ephraim is in Whiting, Indiana, with a 17 year-old daughter, presumably by a previous marriage.

By 1913, Abe and Sam Kawin are in Los Angeles:

They look well-established - Abe is a salesman in a department store, and Sam is an auditor. A year later, Dora has joined them. She's now goes by Kawin rather than Goldberg, and is listed as "widow of Joseph". Daughter Sarah is probably there too. They're in the Directory for San Pedro.

Then came the War. Abraham was called up to serve in the Army in 1917, and in July 1918 he was sent over to fight in France. He was killed in action on 19 October, just 3 weeks before the end of the War, and his body, along with thousands of others, was sent back 3 years later on a funeral ship.

A stream of Zaturenskys

The Kawins must have told their cousins that life was OK in California, because after the War they started coming over in a steady stream.

Dora's brother Joseph 'Teranski' spent the years after 1898 on a never-ending tour of the small towns of Illinois. We find him in Galesburg, Jacksonville, Monmouth, and occasionally back in Peoria, usually as a shoemaker, sometimes pawnbroking or dealing in second-hand clothing. His wife Sarah ran a grocery store. From 1911 they are settled in Springfield, Illinois.

The wanderings of Joseph, 1898-1927

Then, in 1922, their sons Sam and Meyer, both in their early 20s, appear in Los Angeles, and Sam gets married in San Francisco. Their father Joseph gets listed in both Springfield and LA for a couple of years - remember that's "more than two thousand miles all the way" -   before settling definitively in LA around 1927, along with Sarah. By this time Joseph and Meyer (now 'Myron') had renamed themselves 'Trent'. Sam later followed suit, and appeared as 'Cousin Sam Trent' on Abe Morris's Draft Card in 1940.

And it wasn't only the sons. Joseph's daughter Sadie followed them down in 1934, with her husband Henry Morgan; so too daughter Annie, with husband David Fishman, a couple of years later. Following the precedent set by Dora's family, none of Joseph's family remained in Illinois.

A different route

There is one family member who did not follow the trail along Route 66. Benjamin Gitelman managed to cut out the middle-man, and avoid Peoria - and Illinois - altogether. He came in 1922 with his wife and 4 young children, from a brother in Pinsk to a half-brother in Los Angeles. The 'half-brother' is Sam Kawin, Dora's son, and I have struggled mightily with this relationship. So much so that I have had to invent a sister for Dora to explain it. I've called this sister '*Beila', and decided she must be Benjamin's mother, because it fits the story and I can't make anything else fit. Whatever the detail, the relationship was close enough to Dora to have her build a home for Benjamin and his family in her own back-yard in LA. And for Benjamin to assume the surname of Dora's first husband Joseph Kawin, who by the time Benjamin arrived in LA had been dead 25 years.

The other Benjamin

It will not have escaped your notice that we now have two Benjamins to contend with. As well as two Josephs. Oy vey.

The other Benjamin is the one we have just met, the son of Movsha's brother Meir. He arrived as Berl Zateranski in 1904, and went first to Chicago, where he stayed until 1918. But the lure of Peoria proved irresistible, and he spent to next 10 years there, despite the fact that his siblings and cousins were busy heading off down "the highway that's the best" to LA.

But eventually he too succumbed, and we find him in Los Angeles from 1928 onwards. He appears to have been divorced from his wife Fanny by then; she had re-married in 1927, and stayed in Peoria. Their seven children spread out - 2 to Houston (Texas), 2 to Tucson (Arizona), the others around Illinois. With the exception of Abraham, who spent a few years with Benjamin in Los Angeles, none of them followed him there.

Benjamin in LA and his children: Abraham & Mary in Tucson AZ, Charles & Nathan in Houston TX; Lillian & Sarah stayed in Peoria

Benjamin re-married, twice, and eventually followed his children Abraham and Mary to Tucson, where he died in 1955. Most of his children adopted 'Terence', but Benjamin retained 'Terensky' to the end.

The other Joseph

As we have seen, the second Joseph, another son of Meir, immigrated in 1904, and like his brother Benjamin, headed for Chicago, and stayed there. Like Benjamin, he used 'Terensky'. He was naturalised there in 1914. But the lure of Peoria proved irresistible for him too, and he moved there in 1918, round about the same time as Benjamin.

However, Joseph didn't last long there. By 1920 he had "got hip" to the "kindly tip" of his cousin Dora and her sons, and followed them down to Los Angeles. He died there in 1926. From the mid-1930s on, his wife Esther and their children were known as 'Terrence'.

Sister Sarah

Sarah followed her two brothers to Chicago, arriving a few years later, probably around 1908. She married Adolf Hartenstein there in 1909, and their first two children were born there. However, the lure of Peoria worked its magic on them too, and they joined her brothers and cousins there in 1912. And by 1922, you've guessed it, they had "motored west" and joined the burgeoning Zaturensky colony in Los Angeles.

If you ever plan to motor west

Just take my way, it's the highway that's the best

Get your kicks on Route 66

Next question: so they came from Pinsk, did they?

Moshe Chaim, Czar of Pinsk: #13 Schrödinger's Rabbi

A crucial year
1900 has now become a crucial year for Dora Zaturensky, sister of my great-grandmother Shprintsa (see #9: Dora's Story onwards, for her story so far). The US Census, taken on 2 June, finds her living in Peoria, Illinois, in the house at 108 Gallatin Street that she has been in for a couple of years or more, with her two sons Abraham and Samuel. Her husband Joseph had died in 1897.

Samuel is on the next page:

This is the first US Census that Dora and the boys appear on, so we need to pay attention to what she says. Dora is born in July 1870, she's a widow, and has had 4 children, of whom 2 are living. Abe is born Dec 1888, Samuel Dec 1889. She also says she emigrated in 1888, when by her own account she would have been 18.

Who are the 2 other children that she says are no longer living? They could have been born before she immigrated to the US in 1888. That would imply 2 children born before she was 18, that she left behind in order to emigrate to the USA, where she immediately married Joseph Kawin and had 2 more in quick succession. Or they could be 2 children born with Joseph in Peoria, who did not survive; there is no record of any such births, or deaths, but records from Peoria are quite erratic for this period, so it is still a possibility.

Or at least it would be a possibility, if Benjamin Gitelman hadn't arrived from Pinsk in 1922 acting for all the world like her long lost son, and claiming a brother Hirsz back in Pinsk (see previous post). So I'm going with the 4 births story until I come across evidence to the contrary, even if it implies that she had her first child at 15 or 16, if her stated birth date of 1870 is to be believed. And of course the arrival of Benjamin confirms that, although she said in 1900 that the two sons she had left behind in Pinsk had died, they were in fact still very much alive.

What about the Rabbi?
What about her husband-to-be Ephraim Goldberg, who she married 2 months later in Chicago? Where was he in June, when the Census was taken?

Well, he's in Peoria, at 608 Johnson Street, about a quarter of a mile from Dora's house at 108 Gallatin Street. And he's a Rabbi. So maybe they could have met in the street, or at the synagogue. He's a widower, he immigrated in 1880, and has a son Julius aged 10. And he's down as Efrof, which didn't make him any easier to find.

He also appears in the 1900 Peoria Directory, as Rev. Ephraim Goldberg. He's at a different address, 1509 S Adams Street. Maybe he moved house between the time the Directory was compiled, and 2 June, the date of the Census.

Just a minute. Who's this other Goldberg - Frank, the butcher, boarding at 108 Gallatin? Isn't that our Dora's house?

Are you thinking what I'm thinking?

Is this Ephraim the Rabbi, under a different name, and with a different occupation, by any chance? In two places at the same time? Schrödinger's Rabbi?

Ephraim Goldberg: The back-story
At this point I went off for a week or so, looking for Ephraim Goldberg's back-story.  His forward story turned out to be quite interesting, too. I've had to compile a 2-page timeline to try to pin him down. He has a story of his own, what follows is a brief summary of those bits that concern Dora.

Ephraim Goldberg seems to have been born in Suwalki, Poland around 1851. He first appears in the US in the early 1870s, with his wife Rosa and a number of children. In the 1880 Census they're in Chicago, and he's a Hebrew Teacher. He's still a Teacher in Chicago in 1889 and 1891, but he's clearly having problems with his given name, which appears as 'Abe' on the birth record of his son Julian in 1889.

From 1892 to 1895 he's in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, as a Butcher. He has a child there in 1892, Rachel Leah. I may be willing to write up my analysis of her birth registration document, for a reasonable fee.

He does not reappear in Milwaukee, but there is an Ephraim who appears amongst the 200-odd Goldbergs in the Chicago Directories between 1896-99. This Ephraim is a labourer in these listings; there are a few butchers, and one or two teachers, but none of them appear to be our man, and there are no rabbis at all. This one could be him, or he could have spent these years somewhere else entirely, in a place we haven't got the Directories for.

The irregular Schochet
Then this cropped up, thanks to an eagle-eyed member of the Tracing the Tribe Group on Facebook. It's from The Inter Ocean, a Chicago newspaper, dated 8 August 1895:

Halfway down the report, we see this:

Is the schochet - kosher slaughterer - named in this report, 'Mr Goldberg', the same person as the Frank Goldberg, butcher, who 5 years later we find boarding with Dora in Peoria? As I mentioned above, there were a few butchers called Goldberg in Chicago at the time, and the Ephraim listed in the Directories is a 'labourer'. As yet, I have found no other reference to this incident, so for the moment at least I'm agnostic on this one. But it's a lovely story.

Dora with Ephraim
Then in 1900, Ephraim enters Dora's life. His wife Rose dies on 30 April, in Chicago. In the Census, taken on 11 June, he's in Peoria, as above. The 1900 Peoria Directory (above) shows him living in two places at once, with two names and two occupations: Ephraim the Rabbi and Frank the Butcher, boarding with Dora. In the Census he has his son Julius with him; we later find his 7 year-old daughter Rachel Leah (see above), now known as 'Lillie', living with her older sister Emilia, or 'Millie', in Chicago.

He marries Dora in Chicago on 14 August, and within a year their child Sarah is born in the small town of Oskaloosa, in Iowa (see previous post for the delayed birth certificate).

Dora without Ephraim
At this point Ephraim seems to disappear from the records. I can find no further reference to either Ephraim or Dora until the 1910 Census, which brings its own puzzles. As we have seen, Dora and her daughter Sarah are Goldbergs, and her sons Abraham and Sam are Kawins, and they are in Chicago. Dora is 'married', but no husband is listed as living with them.

So what about Ephraim?

He's in Whiting (Indiana), a Rabbi. He has his 17 year-old daughter Lillie living with him. He's been married for 9 years, but there's no wife listed - as we know, Dora is in Chicago at this point. So they are living apart, each with their own children, but both attest to being married, presumably to each other. At the moment I don't know when Dora and the children moved to Chicago, or when or why Ephraim found his way to Whiting.

The Wandering Rabbi
Ephraim then embarks on a series of rabbinical appointments across the mid-West, in places like Fort Wayne (Indiana), where he's a 'Grocer'; Muncie and then Marion (Indiana); and Wausau (Wisconsin). Throughout this period he is with a wife Katie; there is a son Israel aged 9 with them in the 1920 Census. I did start looking into this relationship, but didn't get very far. Life's too short.

Ephraim eventually dies in Chicago in 1926. On his death record, his occupation is shown not as 'Rabbi', but 'Schochet'. So maybe it was him in the Chicago kosher meat scandal of 1895, after all.

I keep asking myself - why am I researching this man? Well, I respond, he's the father of Sarah, one of Dora's children, and Dora is the sister of my great-grandmother. I may one day stumble upon a DNA match with one of Sarah's descendants. And understanding these half-sibling relationships could help us to unravel the story the DNA is trying to tell us. Or it could just tie us up in even more tangled knots, of course.

You never know.

Moshe Chaim, Czar of Pinsk: #12 Dora and the Rabbi

Where did Sarah come from?
At this point, we have found that my great-grandmother's sister, Dora Zaturensky b 1870 in Pinsk, Russia, seems to have had 4 or possibly 5 children, by three different husbands:

1 unidentified Gitelman: Benjamin b 1886 (and possibly Hirsz), both born in Pinsk, Russia
2 Joseph Kawin: Abraham b 1888 and Samuel b 1890, both in Peoria, Illinois; Joseph died in 1897
3 unknown: Sarah b 1901/4, Iowa

We have encountered Benjamin, Abraham and Sam in previous posts. The earliest reference I had to Sarah was when she appeared out of the blue in the 1920 Census, living with Dora in Los Angeles as a fully-fledged 18 year-old daughter. Where had she come from? I couldn't find them anywhere in the 1910 Census. I knew that Abraham and Sam were in LA by 1913, but didn't know when they had got there.

Cardinal sin
And then it struck me that I had committed the genealogist's cardinal sin - I had been looking in the 1910 Census for Dora and Sarah Kawin, as I knew them, and couldn't find them. But I had neglected to do a search on the other members of the family, Abraham and Sam. So I did, and they turned up immediately, in Chicago:



There they were, with their mother and sister. Who are now both Goldbergs.

Goldbergs? Where had that come from? Dora is listed as being in her second marriage (M2). She has been in this marriage for 6 years, and has had 3 children, all living; we presume she is referring to the 3 currently living with her. All this doesn't quite tally with what we think we know (see above), but nothing ever does, and it's not crucial here, so we won't lose any sleep over it for the moment.

However, if Dora has been in this Goldberg marriage for 6 years, and Sarah is a Goldberg and is 8 years old, how does that add up? And if she is married, who is her husband, and where is he?

"I had to go for the doctor"
I soon found out who he was. The State of Iowa has a collection of 'Delayed Birth Records', and this is from 1942:

Sam Kawin attests to the birth of Sarah Goldberg in Oskaloosa, Iowa, on 3 June 1901. The affidavit asks for details of the parents:

The mother is Dora Teranski, as Sam was later to identify her on her death certificate (Toranski). The father is Ephraim Goldberg, a "Jewish Rabbi", some 15 years older than Dora.

Sam also had to attest to the "basis of my knowledge for the answers given above":

"I was 11 years of age at the time of her birth. She is my half-sister, and I resided in Oskaloosa at that time, and remember the incident quite well, as I had to go for the doctor."

The birth is "legitimate" (see above), so there should be a marriage, somewhere, between Dora and Ephraim some time between the Census of June 1900, where she was Dora Kawin, and this birth in June 1901.

And it shouldn't be too hard to pin down a rabbi, should it?

Pinning down the Rabbi
Well, let's get this out of the way first:

Married in Chicago, 14 August 1900. The Census on 2 June had her in Peoria, where she had been living for 12 years or so since immigrating to the USA; now, 2 months later, she's marrying in Chicago, 170 miles away. Maybe Ephraim was from Chicago, so they got married there. At least it shows everything was kosher.

There are still a few questions I'd like answering, though. Why was he not with them in 1910? Where was he? Why have Dora and Sarah reverted from Goldberg to Kawin in 1920? And how did he connect with Dora in the first place?

There's still a bit of work to do to pin down this particular Rabbi.